Which approach promotes the view that cultural diversity should be respected and encouraged?

Multiculturalism is the approach that emphasizes the importance of recognizing, respecting, and valuing diverse cultural backgrounds within a society. This perspective encourages the coexistence of various cultural groups and promotes the idea that such diversity enriches a community by fostering understanding and appreciation of different cultural practices, beliefs, and experiences.

This approach advocates for inclusiveness, social equality, and the celebration of various cultural identities, arguing that a society thrives when all its members are respected and have the opportunity to contribute to the social fabric. It challenges monolithic cultural narratives and encourages a pluralistic society where individuals and communities can maintain their unique cultural characteristics while still being active participants in the broader society.

The other options, such as micro-level and macro-level society approaches, typically focus on different dimensions of social analysis, such as individual interactions or larger societal structures, rather than explicitly promoting cultural diversity. Modernisation, on the other hand, tends to advocate for a convergence of cultures towards a more homogenized, global culture, which may not necessarily support the respect and encouragement of cultural diversity.